Non-Verbal Communications to Clinch a Job Interview

Individuals communicate not through words alone, but through non-verbal communications, cues and messages transmitted, usually through body language and facial expressions. A great deal of meaning is conveyed by non-verbal means of communication, and when integrated with effective verbal language, can better convey or stress the intended message. Non-verbal communications, though, tends to be overlooked by many people, especially during crucial moments, like a job interview. It must be remembered that the various types of non-verbal communications have a significant impact on the communication process and play a critical part in successful business communications, as they complement oral discourse in today’s dynamic workplaces and other milieus. Non-Verbal Communications to Clinch a Job Interview Conveying a positive message with the right non-verbal cues can spell a great difference in jumpstarting a person’s career, ensuring a smooth and successful career path, and in effectively dealing with others, in general. Five of the most common ways whereby non-verbal messages can be utilized in favor of a person being interviewed for a supervisory position in a business organization are: physical appearance, both of the written message and the individual; body language; space or territoriality; and time.   The physical appearance of written messages, like a job applicant’s cover letter and resume, must follow the formal principles of style, correct grammar and spelling, in professional format and clean printout.   A person’s physical characteristics, likewise, must impart an overall professional look. When applying for a job interview, the person must be punctual and be well-groomed, clean, attractive and well-dressed, but not overdone nor dressed inappropriately. Clothes that fit well, are clean and neatly pressed contribute to a smart aura and show that a person cares enough to look professional on the job.   Clothes can communicate economic status, current occupation, and values, so care in choosing the right key pieces to wear can elicit favorable feedback from others. Postural non-verbal communication will also heighten a good impression, especially during job interviews. A person’s body orientation, arm and leg positions, and general sitting posture can send signals of being at ease, confident, or ready for challenges. Job applicants will do well not to fidget and not to avoid eye contact, lest they be seen as nervous or insecure, and to refrain from making defensive postures as crossed arms and legs that may convey a closed attitude. Occasional nodding, keeping the head up, and using the hands confidently to stress a point may be fine. Cheerful, not exaggerated facial expressions and gestures, like a firm handshake, plus an overall good attitude, may be used to display sincerity, confidence and respect for a position (â€Å"Nonverbal Communication,† 1998). In terms of communicating messages through space, individuals must keep a slight distance from job interviewers — and later on from higher-ups — to signify respect for, rather than an invasion of, their personal space.   Not standing too close when speaking to superiors also signifies respect for their status in the organization. Last but not the least, a job applicant up for a supervisory position must make optimum use of the time spent with the interviewer, which in some way reflects the applicant’s time management skill.   It may also be regarded as a sign that he may not tend to cram work, nor be too exhausted to assume work priorities.   After all, only when a person has time for himself and others can he truly be at his best or most productive. Reference College of DuPage (1998, May 27). Types of Nonverbal Communication. In Communication  Ã‚  Ã‚   ( ¶ 11). Retrieved March 7, 2008 from http://www.cod.edu/Course/MGT100?mgtcomm.htm         

Importance of Fashion

Fashion Is Important Fashion is a concept that has been around since the beginning of ages. The Neanderthals of the Stone Age used sewn animal skins to get protection from the harsh environmental factors. This simple body covering that people used then went on developing throughout time to suit the different climates and cultures of the world. However today fashion is seen as a form of adornment and moreover a way of life, especially for the young generation. Fashion is the first thing that happens each morning; we wake up put on a clean presentable outfit in which we would feel good o face the day.The term â€Å"bad hair days† are very real in today's world; people's days are ruined if they have bad hair or a bad outfit. This makes fashion an important factor in creating a successful day. The outward appearance is very often an essential factoring building confidence. For many, especially those of them in the business world don't feel good enough to face interviews, meetings and conferences if they are not satisfied with their appearance. Others, that is, teenagers who are the biggest fans of fashion consider fashion a cult and would always be updated about he latest trends and sport them around town.This way fashion has become a prominent affair in our lives. Different fashion conceitedness out a lot about the culture, environment, values, traditions and roots of a group of people and where they come from. In a few coo tries and governmental systems, they require people to dress in a particular way due to many reasons be it religion, culture, values etc. The I-JAKE itself can be cited as an example of such a country; though strictly not observed, we do see certain signboards at malls and other public areas requesting decent looting.Such is the scenario in most middle eastern countries. The most recent vogue is ethnic inspired modern wear. This is bring Eng up the early clothing styles of countries mixed with modern outfits to create a fusion of ages an d cultures. Another important aspect of fashion is that allows us to recognize nationalities through their dressed. A man in Candors will easily be recognized as an Arab, while an elegant silk Scare will speak Hindi and the elegant folds off Kimono displays Japan. This tells us that the way a person dresses speaks a lot.

Essay on Congress

AP Essay- Congress The framers of the Constitution created a bicameral legislation where there were two chambers of congress made. There was the Senate and the House of Representatives and these two chambers split the necessary duties that congress needed to fulfill. The framers of the Constitution chose a bicameral legislature because they did not want all powers of the government concentrated in a single government institution as they would have been if a unicameral legislature was used. They feared it would lead to rule by oppressive or impassioned majority. They believed that a bicameral legislature would balance powers in congress so that neither chamber would ever gain tyrannical power. When making congress, the framers also knew that the states were jealous of their independence and would not consent to a national constitution if it did not protect their interests and strike a reasonable balance between large and small states. There were many disputes between small and large states on how representation in congress should be gained by delegates at the Constitutional Convention. This was the reason a bicameral legislature was created, and this was known as â€Å"The Great Compromise†. This gave small states equal representation in the Senate and large states their proportional representation in the House. The House of Representatives is the lower house and it contains 435 members. Members are chosen by districts based on population. Some of the House of Representative’s powers are to impeach the president and initiate taxing and spending bills. One unique power the House of Representatives holds is that it gets to select the president for the country if no candidate wins the electoral vote. This was almost the case during the 2000 election between Bush and Gore, the winner was in question after the votes in Florida went uncounted. The framers of the Constitution gave the House of Representatives this power because this chamber is closer to the people than the Senate and is more informed on what the people want. The Senate is the upper house and it contains 100 members. Election time is on a rotating basis and 1/3 of the senate runs every 2 years. Some of the Senate’s powers are to accept or reject treaties and tries the president after the House of Representatives impeaches them (HIST). One unique power the Senate holds is that it can approve presidential appointments such as cabinet positions, Supreme Court judges, federal judges, and heads of agencies. The Senate approved Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court judge. The framers gave the Senate this power because in order to carry out checks and balances, they wanted the congress to make sure that the President was not holding too much power. By approving or disapproving presidential appointments, the president’s power is weakened and the executive branch does not contain more power than the legislative branch.

Critically Thinking about Your Morning Products Research Paper

Critically Thinking about Your Morning Products - Research Paper Example 1). The aim of the current research is to determine if any of the identified ingredients in Vital Care Sport Gel is potentially harmful to one’s health. Upon closer examination of the ingredients, the following are hereby detailed: Water, Sorbitol, Carbomer, Pvp, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Panthenol, Fragrance, Keratin Amino Acids, Polysorbate-20, Isosteareth-20, PEG-75 Lanolin, Triethanolamine, Potassium Sorbate, Methylparaben, Tetrasodium EDTA, DMDM Hydantoin, Benzophenone-4, Blue 1, Red 33. From the research that was conducted, it was revealed that propylene glycol was moderately harmful, and thereby, a medium health concern. Potential Harm Ingredients Through utilization of skills in research, one has encountered a site: GoodGuide, an organization founded in 2007 that is instrumental in providing accurate information about consumer products. As disclosed, Goodguide â€Å"is in business to provide authoritative information about the health, environmental and social perfor mance of products and companies. Our mission is to help consumers make purchasing decisions that reflect their preferences and values† (GoodGuide 1). ... For Vital Care Styling Gel (Mega Mega Hold) products, the ratings generated were: 4.0 (below average) for their health category; 4.7 (below average) for the environment; and 3.2 (significantly below average) for society. As disclosed, the ingredient specifically identified to be harmful are: Propylene Glycol that poses medium health concern. Accordingly, this ingredient was specifically indicated to be harmful according to sources compiled by Scorecard (www.scorecard.org) from suspected abilities â€Å"of causing immunotoxicity; suspected of causing respiratory toxicity; and suspected of causing skin or sense organ toxicity† (GoodGuide: Propylene Glycol in Hair Care Guide 1). Likewise, for Vital Care Styling Gel (Professional Shine), the ingredients that were identified as potentially harmful include: Triethanolamine, Benzophenone, and DMDM Hydantoin (GoodGuide). As such, the overall health rating generated was zero, which was indicative of containing more than one ingredients which raise a medium health concern. Sources of Ingredients and Potential Environmental or Human Damage The dangers of this identified ingredient were further verified through another research. As disclosed from the Natural Health Information Center website (2012), the source and effects of of propylene glycol are hereby cited: â€Å"A cosmetic form of mineral oil found in automatic brake and hydraulic fluid and industrial antifreeze. In the skin and hair, propylene glycol works as a humescent, which causes retention of moisture content of skin or cosmetic products by preventing the escape of moisture or water. The Material Safety Data Sheet warns users to avoid skin contact with propylene glycol as this strong skin

Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Global Marketing - Essay Example Many multinational corporations target customers from different parts of the world. It is imperative for marketers to customize their advertising efforts depending on the global market they are targeting. People from Europe have different taste than American customers. Global marketing has increased in popularity during the 21st century. Marketers today are using a wide variety of tools and techniques to reach the global masses. One of the most popular tools that global marketers are using to send messages to customers is the internet. The internet is a very effective marketing tool because marketers can run campaigns through the internet at lower costs in comparison with traditional media such as the television. Another advantage of the internet for global marketers is that anyone around the world can gain access to a website by typing in the URL. A lot of global marketers are taking advantage of the trend of internet surfers visiting a few times per day social media websites. The l argest social media website, Facebook, is estimated to have one billion users by the end of 2012 (Purdueexponent). The users on Facebook account for one-seventh of the world population. Another popular method global marketers use to reach the masses is television commercials during major sporting or social events. During 2012 global marketers paid up to $4 million for a 30 second ad during the Super Bowl (Yglesias, 2012). An important factor that global marketers must take into consideration is the culture of the country the firm wants to penetrate. The over 200 countries around the world have different cultures, thus marketers have to adapt their marketing campaigns to meet the taste and preferences of the global customers. Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior studies how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and desires (Kotler). To understand consumer behavior markers have to spend time an d resources doing market research. Consumer behavior varies depending on the age, race, and gender of the person among other factors. Companies from all industries must pay close attention to consumer behavior. Companies that are able learn about the consumer behavior of its target market are usually more successful. Understanding consumer behavior is a very challenging task. â€Å"Consumer may say one thing but do another.† (Kotler). Investing money to understand consumer behavior can be very beneficial because it can increase the total sales of a company. Time and experience are two factors that can positively influence in the efforts of companies to learn about consumer behavior. There are different stages of the buying process of customers. The six stages of customer behavior are: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchase, and post purchase evaluation (Udel). Customers often change their purchasing behavior during the ir lifetime. The taste of teenagers, adults, and senior citizens are much different. The income capacity of a consumer influences their purchasing decisions. Many multinational corporations invest millions of dollars in marketing in order to attract customers. The fast food industry invested in 2010 $4.2 billion in advertising (Philpott). Advertising has the effect of creating interest of customers in goods and services. Many consumers are impulsive buyers. The use of discounts and specials is often used by the retail industry to attract customers. It is important for businesses to obtain customer retention. Based on Pareto’s rule 80% of a firm’s sales comes from 20% of its customers. Another way to increase customer retention is by

ESL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ESL - Essay Example Each level of learning would have a different level of discovery that they need to make. At the end of the fifteen minute period, each student would need to state in English what they learned about their conversation partner. The sample demographic that is used for this assignment is adult students in a classroom environment when the school is in their own home nation. The ages of the students range from 21 to 38. The students are divided into the three groups, beginner, intermediate, and advanced so that they can communicate at the level they have attained or are in which they are working. Through creating partnered conversation, the students can achieve participation and interaction so that they can gain confidence and begin to develop communications strategies. This will give them more confidence in their ability to communicate in the English language. The goal for all three groups is to work towards fluency. One of the best ways in which to teach speaking skills is to have studen ts speak to one another in the classroom. The time frame should be fifteen minutes of conversation for all three groups. The beginning group will use phrases that are short. These phrases may contain only three to five works but can be used to develop a conversation. The instructions for beginners will be to greet one another and introduce themselves. They should talk about their family, give the time, and talk about how they are feeling. They should be instructed to thank each other at the end of the conversation. The intermediate conversation should be conversations in which they ask for details about ideas, they give opinions, and they begin to work with agreeing and disagreeing. The advanced students should be paraphrasing what each other has said during the course of the conversation. One learner will make a comment on a topic after which the second learner must first paraphrase the comment of the first learner, and then contribute their own opinion. In a class with multiple ad vancement levels, the best way in which to teach the subject is to have one activity, such as a conversation between paired students, which has different instructions for each level in the classroom. This way there is group experience even when the students do not all have the same level of education on a subject. The following table shows how the instruction lesson would be broken down. Beginner Intermediate Advanced Phrases 3 to 5 word phrases Full sentences Paraphrases of the partner’s opinions. Information Name, age and something they like. Details about their family and work life. Opinions about the world. Identify Problems Is pronunciation correct? Is sentence structure correct? Are the ideas developed? Assignment Two: The students in this classroom are learning from within their own nation and are adult learners. They have three levels of skill within the one classroom: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. The ages of the students range from 21 to 38. The lesson that will help them to learn to listen would first include a film. The film would be in English and would have a variety of information in it that the students could learn. Before the class session would start, the film would be playing as the students come into the classroom. An example of a film that might work is the BBC documentary, Technology of the Future (Prabh Stories 2013). This film has English spoken in American style, but in relatively

-- i will send it as file -- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

-- i will send it as file -- - Essay Example Cultural practices play a crucial role in differentiating given groups of people. Evidently, social structures of a given community greatly depend on the type of culture put into practice by that given community or society to a larger extent. Additionally, different communities cultivate their cultural symbols and values. Cases of communities practicing other communities’ cultural practices keep on surfacing. The underlying reason for the inter-cultural practices is due to the intermarriages and several other interactions. Cultural practices form a basis of each and every community around the world. Different ethnic groups encompass of different ethnic cultures that guide the structural survival of that given society or ethnic group through the years. Many ethnic groups identify those people outside their community as cultural practitioners but only under certain set circumstances. In this content, circumcision among the male child tends to be the cultural practice of choice. In as much as many ethnic groups around the world practice circumcision, various groups perform the practice to meet different goals. Circumcision is essential in ensuring that a given individual moves from one stage of growth to the other. Moreover, once a person undergoes circumcision rights, the person is considered an adult, ready to handle any challenges that arise in the world. The practice remains as one of the most ancient cultural practice in the community. People in the society view circumcision as one of the most crucial cultural practices in the ethnic group. According to the community, circumcision instills discipline into the youth and makes them act in a more mature way compared to when they had not undergone the cut. A circumcised member of the community should be able to handle any challenges or risks and uncertainty arising in the world. Members of the community additionally, view circumcision as one of those cultural

Zimbabwe Economy and International Relations Essay

Zimbabwe Economy and International Relations - Essay Example In February 2000, the government’s draft constitution was rejected by the majority of voters representing the first electoral challenge to the hegemonic and increasingly authoritarian rule of President Robert Mugabe and his ruling nationalist Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front Zanu(PF) party’s twenty-year rule (Amanda & Raftopoulos 2003:10). This culminated in a wave of war veteran-led farm invasions that saw many white commercial farmers losing their farms in the violence that ensued. Thus, Zimbabwe’s economy mainly being agro-based, the farm invasions precipitated the deepening economic decline which resulted in the disintegration of commercial farming. This also led to the decline in tourism as a result of the country’s negative publicity, major losses in foreign currency earnings, a fall in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 24 percent and a significant rise in arrears of Zimbabwe’s foreign debt of US$3.4, the withdrawal of Western Aid and substantial loss of foreign investment, widespread business losses, drastic fall of the Zimbabwean dollar, crippling fuel shortages and a severe national shortage of food threatening to affect Zimbabwe’s estimated population of 13 million.( Amanda & Raftopoulos 2003). Regardless of the negative publicity, Zimbabwe still maintains embassies in many countries across the world and more than sixty-six countries are represented in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city. It is also a member of various regional and international groupings such as the African Development Bank, The World Trade Organization, Southern African Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY - Essay Example Technology has a very wide range ranging from the simple tools such as the wooden spoon to the very complicated gadgets such as a particle accelerator and technological changes involved the evolution from using the simple tools to the application of the very complicated and detailed machines used today. The changes in technology has not only affected the education sector but the community as a whole as it has enhanced development in advanced technologies, led to the rise of leisure class among other effects. Technology started way back in the early stone age periods when man used his little knowledge and experience to make simple tools for various purposes and such tools greatly changed his way of ;living and from them there has emerged new knowledge enhanced the creation of newer and better tools and machines. The Stone Age revolutionized into the copper and bronze ages which was basically smelting of the two metals though such an invention had very limited impact to the society as the metals were rare and as such Iron Age emerged with the smelting of iron technology. Thin saw the production of more strong, lighter and less expensive tools. With its associated advantages, iron technology was quickly advanced and gave rise to ancient technology which produced the greatest advancements in engineering and technology. Inventions in this technology included ramps for use during construction, invention of the wheel, cuneiform form of writing, seismological detectors, multi-tube seed drill, myriad inventions, invention of the natural gas as a source of fuel among other sophisticated inventions. Ancient technology marked the gate through into the industrial revolution that was basically characterized by the development of the steam engine that had massive effects in the textile, mining and transport sector. Inventions of telegraphy, incandescent lamps and steam ships were made during this period. After the

Organisational Culture in Social Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational Culture in Social Work - Essay Example It should be noticed that the service manager of the department is respected by the staff and for this reason no conflict can be observed within the workplace as everything is appropriately regulated and monitored in accordance with the commands of the service manager. The assessment team has as a main task the completion of assessments for children in Need (as described by the Children Act 1989), for pregnant women (pre-birth assessment) or even for young people that are admitted to hospital after an episode of self-harm. Despite the well structured organizational hierarchy, the hospital’s main building looks as being ready to fall apart while no initiatives of renovation have been taken until now. This is a fact that could influence negatively the hospital’s visitors. Apart from the above issue, the hospital’s operational structure should be characterized as effective; the responsibilities have been appropriately distributed among the existed staff and the supp ort provided to the hospital’s visitors can be considered as quite satisfactory taking into account the conditions under which the hospital’s employees have to proceed with their tasks. In order to evaluate the organizational culture of the hospital we could use the theories of Brown and Schein. In accordance with the former ‘with regards to organisational culture†¦the available literature offering the interested reader an embarrassment of definitional riches; it is unsurprising that there should be a great diversity of opinion concerning what the phrase ‘organisational culture’ refers to’ (Brown (1998, p. 7). Indeed, the description of organizational structure is a challenging task if taking into consideration the fact that firms’ culture can be differentiated in accordance with the structure of the ‘internal hierarchy’, the personal attitudes of the firm’s owners and the trends of the market (who are often considered as a criterion for the

Prenatal Dangers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prenatal Dangers - Essay Example 2448). The study was conducted by doctors at an urban teaching hospital and the research subjects included three hundred and seventy-six pre-school children. Of these children, one hundred and ninety experienced fetal brain exposures to cocaine and one hundred and eight-six did not experience such exposure. The main testing standards were related to intellectual quotient measurements; more specifically, the study employed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence-Revised measurements for determinations of outcomes. The findings were rather interesting. As an initial matter, this study was pursued because of inconsistent results regarding the longer-term consequences of prenatal cocaine exposure. The findings in this case, dealing only with the effects noticed in a child's initial four-year lifespan, were seemingly mild in certain ways. In many respects, the study found that fetal brain exposure to cocaine did not cause a lower full-scale intelligence quotient, did not cause lower scores or verbal performance generally, and did not cause any significant differences in performance. On the other hand, there were some findings which suggested that the potential dangers of prenatal drug exposure, in this case cocaine, were real.

In Defense of the Weak Essay Example for Free

In Defense of the Weak Essay Have you murdered anyone? How about you? We are all afraid of murder for this does not only voraciously end a life; it also leads the murder to a gruesome punishment legally and religiously. All religions uphold the sanctity of life and abhor the unjust ending of it. It is the belief of many that if one does not shun from evil acts, such as killing, he will burn in hell. We all hold these views but why is it that many of us are still pushing for abortion? Why is it that many pregnant women still view abortion as the ultimate solution to their problem? Is killing you child really a solution or a gruesome sin that you will have to live with for the rest of your life? For those who rally in favor of abortion, they contend that a child in the womb of a mother is not yet considered human thus; killing that child is still legal. Another contention of pro-choice people is the argument that the woman should have a choice with what happens with her body. Bearing a child is not an easy situation much more, carrying the child in the womb for nine months. This is a torment for the mother especially if the child is a product of sexual abuse or rape. The same argument goes true for teenagers who get pregnant at such a tender age. It is an ordeal for these women to give birth to a child which they did not plan of having. Pro-abortion advocates argue that giving birth to an unwanted child will not only destroy one life but two lives, that of the mother and the child. It is better to abort a child than to give birth to him and yet no adequate love, care and daily sustenance can be provided to him (Lowen). While these advocates may have a point, this is not sufficient to murder someone. Abortion is not just a normal medical procedure but a form of murder. Through abortion a frail child is put to death even before he is given the chance to see the world and fight for his rights. Similar to murder, there is treachery. The child is being deprived of his life without even knowing it and without having the chance to fight for the life that he has. True enough a woman has a right to make a decision for what happens with his body but this is only applies if she is the only one concerned. This does not apply if her child’s life is at stake. Once a woman becomes pregnant, there are already two lives involved because medically speaking the embryo is genetically distinct from the mother. Life is sacred and a gift given by God. No one has the right to end it, not even the parents of the child (Anderson). It is quite difficult to fathom why mothers would want to kill their own children but fear of murdering a man walking down the street. They see that ending the life of an individual who is capable of defending himself is more inhumane than abortion. I do not intend to foster the murdering of a man on the street in place of abortion. What I intend to emphasize is the fact that through abortion a mother kills her own flesh a blood without even giving that child a chance to defend himself. With regard to unwanted pregnancies, its must be remembered that it is not the choice of the child to be conceived. He was a product of the union of a man and a woman. Whether or not there is love, the child should not suffer the effects of such union. He is innocent of what happened thus, mothers should be as objective as possible in dealing with their children for after all, they are their own flesh and blood. Let us stop pushing for abortion and start caring for the lives of innocent children. They have not done anything wrong to be murdered. I believe it is about time that the crusade in favor of abortion end. Let us not foster the killing of children, instead let us help them fight for their rights and be given the chance to live the life they were given. References Lowen, L. Ten Arguments For Abortion and Against Abortion. About. Retrieved 5 May 2009 from, http://womensissues. about. com/od/reproductiverights/a/AbortionArgumen. htm Anderson, K. (1997). Arguments Against Abortion. Leadership U. Retrieved 5 May 2009 from, http://www. leaderu. com/orgs/probe/docs/arg-abor. html

Sickle Cell Anemia Case Study

Sickle Cell Anemia Case Study A 20-year-old Africa- America woman visits her physical complaining of episodes of extreme pain and discomfort in her legs and lower back. She has been experiencing these recurrent episodes, accompanied by extreme fatigue, since she was a child. On physical examination, she appears jaundiced and has a hematocrit of 23% and a hemoglobin level of 7g/dL. She reports she has family members who experienced the same symptom. Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin (an oxygen-carrying protein within the red blood cells). The abnormal hemoglobin causes distorted (sickled) red blood cells. The sickled red blood cells are fragile and prone to rupture. When the number of red blood cells decreases from rupture (hemolysis), anemia is the result. This condition is referred to as sickle cell anemia. The irregular sickled cells can also block blood vessels causing tissue and organ damage and pain. Sickle cell anemia is one of the most common inherited blood anemias. The disease primarily affects Africans and African Americans. It is estimated that in the United States, some 50,000 African Americans are afflicted with the most severe form of sickle cell anemia. Overall, current estimates are that one in 1,875 U.S. African American is affected with sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the ÃŽÂ ²-globin chain of haemoglobin, causing the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid to be replaced with the hydrophobic amino acid valine at the sixth position. The ÃŽÂ ²-globin gene is found on the short arm of chromosome 11. The association of two wild-type ÃŽÂ ±-globin subunits with two mutant ÃŽÂ ²-globin subunits forms haemoglobin S (HbS). Under low-oxygen conditions (being at high altitude, for example), the absence of a polar amino acid at position six of the ÃŽÂ ²-globin chain promotes the non-covalent polymerisation (aggregation) of hae moglobin, which distorts red blood cells into a sickle shape and decreases their elasticity. The loss of red blood cell elasticity is central to the pathophysiology of sickle-cell disease. Normal red blood cells are quite elastic, which allows the cells to deform to pass through capillaries. In sickle-cell disease, low-oxygen tension promotes red blood cell sickling and repeated episodes of sickling damage the cell membrane and decrease the cells elasticity. These cells fail to return to normal shape when normal oxygen tension is restored. As a consequence, these rigid blood cells are unable to deform as they pass through narrow capillaries, leading to vessel occlusion and ischaemia. The actual anaemia of the illness is caused by haemolysis, the destruction of the red cells inside the spleen, because of their misshape. Although the bone marrow attempts to compensate by creating new red cells, it does not match the rate of destruction.[17] Healthy red blood cells typically live 90-120 days, but sickle cells only survive 10-20 days.[18] Normally, humans have Haemoglobin A, which consists of two alpha and two beta chains, Haemoglobin A2, which consists of two alpha and two delta chains and Haemoglobin F, consisting of two alpha and two gamma chains in their bodies. Of these, Haemoglobin A makes up around 96-97% of the normal haemoglobin in humans. In normal Haemoglobin A, glutamic acid is on the 6th position of the beta chain, while in sickle-cell disease, this glutamic acid is replaced by valine leading to the formation of sickle cells. This happens due to a one point mutation. This leads to polymerization of the two beta chains and therefore their appearance as puzzle pieces (or lock and key); which means they fit into each other forming a longitudinal polymer that would lead to the cell becoming deformed and very rigid leading to vessel occlusion. This process of polymerization can be activated by infections, hypoxia, acidosis, physical exercise, vasoocclusion due to cold as well as hypertonic dehydration. Diagnosis Sickle cell anemia is diagnosed through blood test, testing for hemoglobin S (the defective form of hemoglobin descriptive of the disease), the presence of other abnormal hemoglobin variants, evaluating status and number of erythrocytes, and/or determination of one of more altered hemoglobin gene copies. In the United States, this blood test is part of routine screening for newborns done in the hospital. However, older children and adults can be tested also. In adults, the blood sample is extracted from a vein in the arm. In young children and babies, blood is taken from a finger or heel. The testing itself is typically performed on a smear of blood utilizing a special low-oxygen preparation, known as sickle prep. Other prep tests can be utilized, including but not limited to solubility tests. [4,6] Another screening testing is the Hb S solubility test. In this procedure, a chemical is added to the blood sample which reduces the amount of its oxygen carrying capacity. In individuals carrying even one sickle gene, some hemoglobin S will be present. The reduced amount of oxygen will cause S-related polymers to form and affected erythrocytes will sickle. This test, in essence, detects for the presence of Hb S alone. However, this exam should not be performed on infants until age six months, as babies with sickle cell will not produce significant amounts of Hb S until several months after birth. [6] To confirm the diagnosis, DNA analysis can be utilized. This exam is used to detect alterations and mutations in the genes producing hemoglobin components. DNA analysis reveals one copy or two copies of the hemoglobin S gene, or copies of different hemoglobin variants. DNA analysis can be performed on the developing fetus in fourteen to sixteen weeks gestations via amniocentesis or through chorionic villus sampling.[6] Treatment Treatment of sickle cell anemia is done by blocking the red blood cells from stacking together. the health professional maintenance helps the patients to begin with early diagnosis of the disorder, preferably during the newborn period. Penicillin prophylaxis, vaccination against pneumococcus bacteria, and folic acid supplementation is standard. [2] Treatment of sickle cell complications includes ,vitamin supplementation, intravenous fluids, blood transfusion, supplemental oxygen, surgery (splenectomy) and psychosocial support. Management is best accomplished via multidisciplinary program of care. [2,3,5] Blood transfusions benefit by reducing recurring pain crises, risk of stroke, and other complications. Blood transfusions increase the amount of normocytic erythrocytes in circulation, helping relieve the anemic state. However, since erythrocytes contain iron and the body does not possess a natural process for its elimination, patients can accumulate iron in the blood. Thus, possible iron toxicity must be closely screened and methods to remove excess must be executed. Excess iron is removed artificially through administration of the drug Deferasirox (Exjade ÂÂ ®) orally in patients two years of age and older. If this is not checked, the excessive iron can accumulate in the heart, liver, and various other organs causing organ damage. [3] Other treatments for this disease include finding a substance that prevents erythrocytes from sickling without producing deleterious effects to other body areas. The medication hydroxyurea has been found to reduce the frequency and severity of pain, acute chest syndrome, and decrease the need for blood transfusions in adult patients. Droxia ÂÂ ® (prescription name brand formulation of hydroxyurea) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 and is currently available for adult patients. Studies are currently being conducted to determine the proper dosage in pediatric patients. However, there is concern in this medication that chronic usage may facilitate tumor growth or leukemia in certain individuals. [5] Other pharmacological therapies include antibiotics and pain relievers. Regarding antibiotics and aforementioned earlier, children benefit from penicillin at age two months and usually continue medication until age five. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment helps in preventing pneumonia. For adults, prophylactic antibiotic treatment can aide in fighting certain infections that they would normally fight provided they had normal erythrocytes. [2,3,5] Non-pharmacotherapy treatments are bone marrow transplant and supplemental oxygen therapy. Bone marrow transplant procedure offers the only potential cure for sickle cell anemia. Replacing the system with unaffected bone marrow aids the body in producing normocytic erythrocytes. However, finding a donor provides difficult even with the advent of registries. Also, the extraction of bone marrow possesses serious risk, including death. After the procedure, a mandatory lengthy hospital stay is required. In the hospital and upon leaving, the patient will be administered medications to help prevent rejection of the donated marrow. The procedure is currently only used for those possessing serious symptoms and problems with sickle cell anemia. Regarding supplemental oxygen therapy, this proves beneficial by forcefully increasing oxygen content in the blood via oxygen mask. Supplemental oxygen can be helpful in acute chest syndrome or sickle cell crisis.[2,3,5] Surgical treatment involve splenectomy to remove a possible damaged spleen from the sickle cells or eye surgery for vision problems associated with sickled cell damage. New sickle cell treatments on the horizon include gene therapy, the pharmacological treatments of butyric acid, clotrimazole, nitric oxide, and nicosan. [3] Since sickle cell anemia is caused by a defective gene, researchers speculate that insertion of a normal gene into bone marrow of people with sickle cell anemia will result in the production of normal hemoglobin. Another gene therapy possibility is turning off the defective gene, while reactivating another gene responsible for production of fetal hemoglobin (a type of hemoglobin found in newborns) that prevent sickle cells from forming. [3] Butyric acid, normally utilized as a food additive, may increase the amount of fetal hemoglobin in the blood in some patients. [3] Clotrimazole, the over-the-counter antifungal medication may help prevent loss of water from erythrocytes, possibly reducing the number of sickle cells formed. [3] Nitric oxide is decreased in sickle cell anemia, a gas that normal causing vasodilatation. Administration of this agent would prevent the sticking of sickled cells to one another.[3] Nicosan, an herbal treatment in early trials in the United States, is currently being used to prevent sickle crisis in Nigeria (West Africa). [3] Reference section Sickle Cell Anemia: Treatments and Drugs MayoClinic.com. Sickle Cell Anemia. Mayo Clinic, 1 Apr. 2009. Web. 13 July 2010. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anemia/DS00324/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs Smith WR, Penberthy LT, Bovbjerg VE, et al. (Jan 2008). Daily assessment of pain in adults with sickle cell disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 148 (2): 94-101. ISSNÂÂ  0003-4819. PMID1819533 Sickle Cell Tests. American Association for Clinical Chemistry (2006). Lab Tests Online. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 20 Aug. 2006. Web. 13 July 2010. The case study was taken from first aid usmile step1 What Is Sickle Cell Disease. About Sickle Cell Disease. Sickle Cell Disease Association of America SCDAA Home, 2005. Web. 13 July 2010. http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/about_scd/

Constructivist Theory of Development

Constructivist Theory of Development To believe a child is an empty vessel would mean believing that children are unable to think or respond to the world around them. The term empty vessel suggests that babies minds contain nothing and that helping them to develop means simply filling the space with facts. Theorists and scientists have spent many years researching and developing ideas that suggest that even an unborn child is capable of developing sensitivity towards its environment and therefore that human development begins long before the outside world has impressed its influence on a child (Muir Slater 2000, pg.68). However, this essay will explore the theories of how children learn and develop from birth, with emphasis placed on the constructivist learning theory in relation to the development of children from infancy and towards adulthood. Mukherji Odea, (2000, pg.80) describe how soon after birth babies begin trying to make sense of the world around them. They are able to identify sounds, in particular voices, and then subsequently begin to interpret images and the responses of adults. Their ability to read facial expressions develops (Louw, 2002, pg.208) and they use this knowledge to modify their behaviour. This development begins the pattern of constructivist learning that theorists have researched and discussed for many years. The constructivist learning theory essentially means being actively involved in acquiring new knowledge and skills, interacting with ones social and cultural environment and building on or adapting existing knowledge and experiences (Boghossian, 2006). The theory was documented by Piaget who studied his own children in order to increase his understanding of the developmental phases that children move through when learning. Piaget (cited in Slavin, 1994, pg.31) identified four specific age-related stages in a childs development and described how children foster new ideas by using patterns of behaviour or schemes and relating these schemes to the environment around them. Some psychologists questioned Piagets theories regarding the four stages and discovered the language used by Piaget during his studies to be too complex to provide an accurate representation of a childs abilities at any given time (Slavin, 1994, pg.44). One theorist who challenged Piagets theories was Lev Vygotsky, (Oa kley, 2004, pg.42) who suggested that rather than waiting for children to master one level of development before moving onto the next, learning takes place when children are challenged and presented with problems just beyond their current level of understanding. Vygotsky also placed far more emphasis on the role of adults (Gopnik, et al. 2001, pg.18), an idea further developed by Bruner, who proposed that adults were tools that can assist learning by scaffolding the development of language (Bruner, 1983, pp 64-66). Along with many others, by combining elements from all three theorists views of child development, the outcome is the constructivist theory of learning, a theory where prior knowledge is the basis and language, challenge and social interaction, the tools. Sharp, et al. (2009, pg. 51) place much emphasis on prior knowledge being the fundamental basis in the teaching of science. Learning and understanding in science is no longer considered the rote learning of facts and technical vocabulary, but instead means embracing inquisitiveness and the development of enquiry skills that aid the learner in making sense of the world around them (Loxley, et al. 2010, pg. 45). Scientific knowledge and understanding stems from intrinsic curiosity (Sharp, et al. 2009, pg.2). The infant, who continuously touches the objects surrounding him, is investigating the textures of materials and developing his own responses to them. When he then repeatedly returns to the soft toy he demonstrates that his enquiry has formulated knowledge of texture and subsequent actions are based on his initial investigations. The parent who then moves the toy further from the infant and smiles when he finally reaches and nuzzles his prize has provided challenge and social interaction as a means of developing the infants skills further. Rather than an empty vessel that the parent has begun to fill, the infant has demonstrated that he is a constructivist learner who is interacting with his environment and building on his experience. This example demonstrates that both the constructivist learning theory and the development of scientific enquiry apply to even the youngest children and so should be nurtured and developed when teaching science to primary and secondary pupils. Scientific enquiry allows existing ideas to be challenged and knowledge and understanding to be achieved (Loxley, et al. 2010). However, the constructivist theory in the classroom cannot be implemented unless prior knowledge is ascertained. Although the national curriculum (DfEE, 1999) details the legal requirements for the teaching of science, attainment targets are divided into key stages allowing for differentiation based on childrens level of understanding at any particular point in time. Teachers need to identify pupils current levels before they can begin to plan for future learning (OfSTED, cited in Kyriacou, 2007) and work towards these attainment targets. The elicitation of prior knowledge can be achieved in many ways. With language playing such an important role in the development of knowledge (Bruner, op.cit), discussion and careful questioning can be effective ways of allowing children to clarify their own ideas while giving the teacher an opportunity to identify misconceptions in their understanding (Littledyke, 1998, pg.22). Stimulus for the discussion can range from a big question as described by Longuski (2006), the presentation of a Concept cartoon [Appendix A] or through debating a PMI statement [Appendix B]. Card sorting activities allow children to share their ideas and recording responses by using KWL grids [Appendix C] or by asking pupils to draw diagrams or pictures provides concrete evidence of current levels of understanding. Loxley, et al. (2010, pg. 10) explain that children will engage in learning when it is presented in contexts which are familiar. I investigated this theory during a recent science lesson [Appendix D], where I used a story to present a scientific concept. The strategy proved to be particularly effective in eliciting pupils ideas and misconceptions and captured the interest of all children involved. Pupils connected with the lesson due to the presentation of a stimulus in the form of visual and auditory media (Naylor Keogh, 2007). The lesson was filled with discussion with all abilities participating in sharing ideas. The adults role in the lesson was to encourage discussion, clarify responses, assist lower ability pupils in recording their ideas and to offer questions that would promote critical thinking. Childrens responses showed that they were using their personal experiences to form ideas about the scientific problems presented by the cartoon [Appendix E]. Curiosity surrounding o ther aspects of light exploration was stimulated by the lesson, with several children asking questions that they would like to investigate in the future [Appendix F]. The main purpose of this lesson was, however, not only to ascertain prior knowledge but to identify misconceptions that would inform the class teachers planning of the class next unit of work. Misconceptions can originate from a variety of sources. Children can sometimes form incorrect ideas based on their own experiences or interpretation of language, as demonstrated by the common misconception about the term plant food. In response to a natural desire to form relationships with known ideas (Allen, 2010, pg.3), children can also draw inaccurate conclusions to newly encountered concepts (McGraw-Hill, 2011), an example of which is a child who, having observed the sun appearing to move across the horizon, concludes that the sun must actually move around the Earth. Occasionally educational staff can, due to their own misconceptions or lack of subject knowledge, provide information that is not accurate which highlights the need, as outlined by Professional Standard 22, (TDA. 2008) for teachers to be secure in their understanding of the scientific concepts taught to pupils (TDA. 2008, Standard 14) and, through reflection and evaluation, to identify when they need to further the ir own scientific understanding (TDA. 2008, Professional Standard 7a). The transcript of the discussion, [Appendix G] coupled with childrens written recordings of their ideas [Appendix H, I J] highlights the common misconceptions [Appendix K] that the group held about their understanding of the Earth, sun and moon unit of work, studied previously, and their impending studies of light. Misconceptions regarding concepts already taught, in this instance the Earth, sun and moon misunderstandings, provide an example of assessment of learning, or summative assessment, and can be used to judge a childs learning and level of scientific understanding. The misconceptions surrounding the theory of light act as formative assessment as they can be used when considering implications for future progress and to inform planning for the new topic to be covered, as described by Littledyke (1998, pg.21). They also enable the teacher to consider ways of challenging pupils misunderstandings without simply giving them the correct responses, as this could damage their self esteem or lead to them refusing to accept alternative explanations (The National Strategies, 2009). Instead, Miller, et al. (cited in Ansberry Morgan, 2007) explain that children should be provided with opportunities to investigate their own theories, for example through practical investigations or even the use of picture books (Ansberry and Morgan, ibid), while considering those of others. This will enable them to use the experiences on which the misunderstandings were based (assimilation) and then to adapt their original ideas in response to their investigations (accommodat ion) (Allen, 2010, pg.12). Any strategy adopted must address errors in a childs understanding, as failure to do so could prevent further progress (The National Strategies, ibid:3). Formative assessment (TDA. 2008, Standard 12) isnt, however, a tool to be used exclusively to elicit pre-conceptions about a topic to be covered. Yeomans and Arnold (2006) describe it is an essential part of planning and preparation that should be carried out continuously to enable teachers to evaluate the impact of their teaching (TDA. 2008, Standard 29), modify their approaches and assess how well children are progressing. It enables teachers to compare childrens levels of understanding with age appropriate objectives and those listed in the National Curriculum for Science. Analysis of an elicitation activity will also enable the teacher to plan differentiated activities to address individual pupils strengths or areas of weakness. Together with consideration for differences in learning styles and factors that may be affecting learning, this analysis will ensure that the needs of individuals are met and that all children achieve their potential (TDA. 2008, Standard 10). However, this type of personalisation of learning is not straightforward and requires commitment to an ethos, where every learner matters and every learners learning needs should, if possible, be accommodated (Keeley-Browne, 2007, pg.133). Although there are links, there are also differences between differentiated and personalised learning. Differentiation is a more traditional approach to teaching with pupils often grouped by ability and with tasks that match that ability (Kendall-Seater, 2005, pg.24). Personalised learning is a progressive approach where the childs experiences are the focus and results are judged by outcome or by the extent of resources supplied (Kendall-Seater, ibid). Both approaches benefit from consideration for childrens previous knowledge and experiences, on which they can build new ideas. Despite agreeing with this principle, experts have identified difficulties that could occur by implementing the constructivist teaching and learning theories. Keogh Naylor (1996) have questioned the plausibility of considering the prior knowledge of every pupil, and Skidmore Gallagher (2005) acknowledged the difficulties that a change in approach might present to teachers. In her research report, Chin (2006) discusses difficulties between balancing the responsibility of teachers as providers of accurate scientific facts with them being facilitators of child-initiated learning. Considering each of these experts reservations means viewing constructivist teaching and learning in science as a challenging process where the acquisition of scientific knowledge is the main goal that can be achieved through the amalgamation of an understanding of childrens developmental processes and the commitment from teachers to providing opportunities for personal enquiry with sound subject knowledge. In summary, teachers need to first recognize that children are not empty vessels but that they have a valuable wealth of scientific knowledge and experience on which to construct and adapt new ideas. Teachers should embrace and nurture curiosity, promote critical thinking and provide creative learning environments that facilitate purposeful exploration and social interaction. Careful consideration has to be given towards the National Curriculum for Science objectives; however, as is often the case with preparation for statutory testing (POST, 2003), it should not be seen as a constraint that restricts creativity or that initiates a return to the meaningless rote learning strategies (Stones, 1984, pg.64) of the past. Assessment opportunities should be explored, and the results used effectively to inform and enable an inclusive, personalised curriculum that allows children to become active participants with ownership of their own learning.

the good earth type 2 journal :: essays research papers

The Good Earth Type Two Journal—The Good Earth—Wang Lung, Olan, Lotus, Uncle â€Å"Are we not to see the moth-browed bride?†Pg.24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tactless- The uncle is tactless because everyone already expects a farmer’s wife to be unattractive and he has no remorse to mock his nephew. â€Å"This woman is well enough!†Pg.28  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Content- Wang Lung becomes content with his wife when he learns that she cares for him more than anyone else. â€Å"When I return to that house it will be with my son in my arms. I shall have a red coat on him and red-flowered trousers and on his head a hat with a small gilded Buddha sewn on the front†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Pg.34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pretentious- Olan is pretentious because she wants to show the great house that she is no longer the slave that they knew, but she is a successful wife that has borne a healthy young son. â€Å"Thus everyone will know I have a son!†Pg.39  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proud- Wang lung is proud to have a son as his first child. It is a symbol of good fortune, and he wants the word of his son and good fortune to be known to everyone. â€Å"I will tell your words to the whole village!† Pg.66  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coercive- The uncle coerces Wang Lung to giving him money by threatening him to tell the village that Wang Lung cursed his whole family, his flesh and blood. â€Å"My nephew there he has silver and he has food, but he will give none of it to us, not even me, and my children, who are his own bone and flesh.†Pg.77  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contemptuous- The uncle is becomes contemptuous after his second visit to Wang Lung asking for money. After he is turned away with nothing he attempts to turn the village upon him their hunger forcing them to scorn him for having food. â€Å"There and there and there!†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"That is for a thief!† Pg.119  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reproachful- He is reproachful of his children for belittling themselves by stealing. He does not know how to be proud of someone that steals. â€Å"There is nothing to sell except the girl.†Pg.124  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Truthful- Olan is truthful to Wang Lung by telling him that the only way to get back to the land in their current situation is to sell their only girl to slavery. â€Å"If I had the gold and the silver and the jewel, I would buy land with it, good land, and I would bring forth harvests from the land!† Pg.130  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sincere- Wang Lung is sincere because he would not buy luxuries for himself, but instead he would but land that would sustain all generations to come and could never be taken away.

Shoppers Beware Essay -- Internet Shopping E-commerce Web Papers

Shoppers Beware Today the Internet provides a vast number of services to people all around the world, and is a way to make life easier. People can purchase everything from groceries to drugs (legal and illegal), skateboards to automobiles, land and houses, not to mention all the items that people auction off at places like ebay.com and ubid.com. There was even a high school girl, freshly turned 18, who decided to auction off her virginity. But that creates an entirely different discussion topic. Right now people all over the world use online shopping instead of actually traveling to the store. Shopping online is a way of conveniently purchasing things from the comfort of your own home. People no longer have to get dressed, comb their hair, or put on makeup. Despite all the conveniences of shopping online, the growing dependency on the Internet as a medium of communication will slowly begin to adversely affect society as we know it. As I was browsing through the L.A. Times, I came across an interesting article, written by Christine Frey, entitled You Can Rest in Peace After Choosing Your Burial Option. The article informs readers of the growing trend in Internet funeral services. It appears that the Internet houses dozens of shops ready to sell you the latest in burial options, from pet caskets to mausoleums (1). Possibly one of the largest Internet funeral services, Webcaskets, offers a huge selection of caskets. With prices ranging from as little as $50 for a cardboard cremation casket to as much as $11,000 for a solid walnut casket with velvet interior and a range of burial options. Webcaskets also carries special art caskets as well as a variety of urns, which start at under $100. In addition to a huge selection, Webca... ...ym to the word lazy. Be warned, Forster agrees that the Internet can be a dangerous tool when abused by society. Who is to say that 50 or 100 years from now things wont be exactly as Forster foretold? Living as a swaddled lump of flesh (Forster 187) in a small room, something resembling a bee cell (Forster 187), with only a chair and a reading desk is not the way to live. Unless we realize the dangers of the Internet and machine dependency Forsters future, could become ours. Works Cited Frey, Christine. You Can Rest in Peace After Choosing Your Burial Option. January 31, 2002. L. A. Times. 28 February 2002. Forster, E. M. The Air-Ship. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill, 1998, 187-195. Holeton, Richard. Composing Cyberspace. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

Critical Thinking Students

A critical student is one who ‘does not accept information without first examining it from different angles or perspectives. ’ Discuss this definition in relation to the critical thinking expected of university students in essay writing. Incorporate relevant readings in your discussion. In the changing landscape of the Australian education system, it can be difficult to ascertain what is expected of university students in essay writing. Indeed expectations can vary from institution to institution and even tutor to tutor, however the one commonality is the expectation of critical thinking in students. In this essay, I will argue that in universities, critical thinking is not only encouraged of university students in essay writing, but is also expected. I will explore what it means to be critical in ones thinking, discuss the expectations of students in essay writing and will provide alternative learning methods to illustrate other viewpoints. In order to achieve this, I will draw upon relevant readings to support my thesis. The word ‘critical’ is to describe â€Å"that which is urgent, serious, crucial or of fundamental importance† (Craig 1994, 54). In relation to essay writing, to be critical in ones thinking is to â€Å"question the phenomenon of study rather than simply accept and repeat the facts† (Craig 1994, 54). Warren (1995) provides some context to these definitions in her essay ‘The critical self’. She defines critical thinking as a reflective and reasonable thought process that dictates our decisions on what we do or believe (2). She refers to her teaching experiences and at the lack of the critical thinking abilities in her students at that time. Through these experiences and subsequent teachings on philosophy and specifically critical thinking, she draws conclusions that students like to think in this way and consequently their self-esteem improves as they are able to develop these skills (1). Her strong conviction that â€Å"critical thinking is both necessary and vital to learning itself† is a powerful statement to her beliefs in this area (Warren 1995, 1). In order to evaluate Warren’s claims, we must discuss what is actually expected of university students in relation to essay writing. According to Krause (2005), the Australian higher education has significantly evolved in recent years and as such student and university staff expectations have also changed (1). She points out that students now spend less time on campus than in the past and discusses how technology has influenced an increase in a more diverse range of students engaging in study (3). This has resulted in a larger number of students studying via correspondence and an increase in mature age and international students when compared with ten years ago (4). Given this changing landscape in university learning, it is clear why there is sometimes disconnect between what student’s believe is expected of them and what a university actually expects, specifically in relation to essay writing. This disconnect becomes more evident when distance is a factor. Warren (1995) provides an interesting example on the poor performance of her students in relation to essay writing. According to Warren, her students were attentive in class, actively participated and dedicated the required amount of study. Her evaluation of the poor performance was that her students â€Å"lacked critical thinking skills† (1). To properly assess the expectations placed on students, it is necessary to look at the wording of an essay topic. In all essay topics, one is asked to argue a thesis or debate a claim. The ability to present arguments in a manner that influences or persuades others is central to critical thinking (Marshall and Rowland 2006, 43). The very nature of how essay topics are structured and assessed can only lead to the conclusion that critical thinking is expected in essay writing. Without debating and negotiating positions, resolving conflict, reflecting and dealing with opposition, all of which are acts of critical thinking, the essay is not fulfilling the basic requirement of arguing a position (Marshall & Rowland 2006, 43). If part of critical thinking is reflection, as stated by Warren (1995), than it is important to understand the reflection process. Pavlovich (2007) suggests the reflection process begins with asking questions and states it is â€Å"as much a state of mind as it is a set of activities† (284). She argues the end result of reflection is a deeper understanding of all matters (284). Self -reflection is the ability to critique oneself, to ask questions like â€Å"What is my goal in life? † â€Å"What am I striving for? † â€Å"What is my purpose? † (Rogers 1697, 164). These are questions that some are unable to answer through their entire lives and yet within the context of university learning and specifically essay writing, there is an expectation that students are able to self- reflect, to see multiple facets of an argument, to question and to be critical. Warren (1995) also talks about the self-reflection process and argues that critical thinking â€Å"is an aspect of reflective thinking† (2). She asserts that only when critical thinking, creative thinking and content knowledge – what she describes as ‘the 3 C’s’ – overlap, does one has all the components of reflective thinking (2). She further argues that one can only be critical in the context of their surroundings or circumstances, such as gender or race and without the willingness to identify with and use background knowledge one â€Å"is not a critical thinker† (3). In the context of being a university student and writing essays, to think critically is to learn to process information and â€Å"to form reasoned opinions, evaluate beliefs, construct positions†¦ (and) articulate a thesis† (Warren 1995, 4). Critical thinking in this context is to realise ones full potential as â€Å"to really learn anything at all one must engage the critical self† (Warren 1995, 4). Of course, there are many other methods to learning and it can be argued that one size does not fit all. In certain disciplines, it can be assumed that critical thinking is not necessary, for example in complex technical environments where ‘x’ must always equal ‘y’. In many cases, there is a mismatch between personal learning styles and learning demands of different disciplines (Kolb 1981, 233). Kolb (1981) explores various learning styles and his discussion can lead one to believe that critical thinking is not central to the acquisition of knowledge (233). One could argue that in some fields it is imperative to memorise information and follow set instructions and not to look at information from various viewpoints. For example, there would be an expectation that a surgeon follows strict protocol when performing a complex operation. I would argue however, that some of the greatest advances in human history have been a result of those who are willing to question the way things are done and to explore alternatives options. Whilst it is important to recognise different learning styles suit different individuals and to adjust expectations accordingly, the basis of a student not accepting information without â€Å"examining it from different angles and perspectives† (Craig 1994, 54) is central to learning and is a key expectation of students in essay writing at university. The expectations placed upon students in relation to essay writing at university may vary, but the common denominator is the expectancy on students to be able to think critically and to articulate this in written form. I have provided a definition of critical thinking and have discussed how the changing landscape of the Australian education system can cause some confusion around expectations placed on students. I have offered alternative learning methods to demonstrate the need for some flexibility and adaptability around the expectations placed on students to cater for different learning style. Throughout this essay, I have maintained that regardless of these different learning styles, there is a universal expectation placed on university students to think critically, particularly in relation to essay writing and have used examples to argue this thesis.

Workshop Critique

Designing a to a greater extent than stiff store is a intimidate ch ei in that locationnge to todays loyal moving world that exhibits dynamism in various eyeshots. As a go out it poses a daunting challenge to the be startshop organizers and planers e specificly when there ar irrit cap sufficient-bodied issues regarding to contrasts, interracial mis misgiving and poor converse among the players. In this regard, protrudeing and enforceing shop class for the teenaged persons who face challenging issues when they pretend been asked to guide in a sort much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Communication, language barriers, culture differences and conflicts, on which the actors wanted to improve on becomes a challenge.As a consequence, visualise for such a store it is deemed necessary to critically balance the goals of the participants and the larn and facilitating resources against the philosophy and objectives of physiqueers (Barbazette, 2001). This aspect of shop cla ss planning and implementation is a key principle to a palmy reportshop implementation that guarantees positive cores of the shop which somewhat planners ordinarily neglect. In constituent that balancing principle is neglected the planers usually dominate their design with their views and views of the participants obtained from surveys such as TNA for this case.Although in most cases in the crop of store designing both planners and participants philosophical ands theoretical goals whitethorn be coherent in the esthesis that both aims at improving their educational assist, the reality of the naturalise environment bath ca uptake in withdraw planning and mis chat in regard to workshop design. However, planers creativity, innovativeness and certifiedness raft abet arrive at a tangible workshop that participants faeces implement the skills, attitudes, deportments and knowledge to their daily practices in their single schools and assorts.Therefore in designing an good workshop the key domains that were considered argon logistics, recourses and subject matter. principle for Workshop Design The rationale for workshop design was informed greatly by logistics k nonty, study and the training and teaching resources. The design was highly influenced by the TNA conducted which revealed that the students or participants had difficulties operative in groups in terms of converse, language, barriers, conflicts and hea so differences.In this regard, the workshop was stimulated in away that it became a leaner centered. The logistics tangled in the workshop design to a greater extend contributed to the success of the workshop. By summing up the aim of the logistics involved in the workshop design, the workshop was supposed to partake day-to-day group work tasks of the participants (Barbazette, 2001). The commission of the workshop was centered on the showing the principles and process of utile group defining and surgical procedure with attentiv eness to diversity.In b slight to ensure that the workshop materials are utilise by workshop participants to their normal reading life, the workshop plan utilized the hobby strategies first, Individualization technique that utilize appropriate teaching technological resources to chip in separate instruction materials to the participants like reference to special links on the internet because we make that every participant has quite a bit to intoxicate. Second, Time was sufficiently apportiond that facilitated submergence of principles and by most participants.Third, the school bide obtain in was as well profound to the plan as the school had to buy in the value of the workshop by permitting workshop to be conducted and students to participate. And the quadrupleth aspect, was the choice of encyclopedism materials Take to class materials that are relevant to content and participants. However, despite the logistics involved in planning for the workshop effectual n urture during workshop proceeding is dictated by quality and concern of faculty, look group, and effective content and pedagogy.These figures are turn to by content, instructional get along and resources utilise in the following section. The content instructional approach was largely drawn from Kolb learning make pass (see figure 1) that utilized participants experiential knowledge as learning resource. Kolb learning bike perplex (Kolb, 1984) emphasizes the use of learners experience to build parvenu content. This approach is very important in learning and teaching undertakings especially to students in the sense that facilitator induces gleamive aspect to learners in rate for it to become a process and routine to devise learners.Kolb learning cycle comprise of four con institutions concrete Experience, brooding Observation, Abstract Conceptualization and restless Experimentation, which must(prenominal) be adhered to in order to rack up meaningful learning. By adhe ring to these four academic degrees, the participants were commensurate to reflect on their experience to make up concepts which crowd out be applied to their futurity situations relating to group work. The new participants behaviour is tested out by exposing him or her to new situation or previous situations and comparing the effectiveness of learning outcome.For instance, in this case speed en was reintroduced to participants after learning and revealed that group faculty has been gained evident by reduction in task dressance measure for 17seconds to 1 second. Briefly the four frames of Kolbs cycle are significant in enhancing learning and skills long term skills that the workshop participants can apply to real life situation. For instance, Concrete experience descriptor involves doing aspect that motion for process and content of workshop with materials. The use of interactive games in workshop like speedball, this enhances experience on the past of participants.Re flective observation is the participants qualities and judgments of hithertots and discussion of the learning process with peers (Cranton, 1995 Trotman, 2000 Gordon, 2002). As a result, participants were able to reflect on their training at the workshop and at the same time normal school learning situation this enable the students to arrest confidence with their colleagues and mitigate painful learning experiences. To enhance a meaningful look of the participants keep their journals or a log. Importantly, facial expression aspect is vital mechanism to throw out learning and professional schooling.Abstract conceptualisation helps learners to plan better future activities added to their reprehension of their in-person experience by world informed by educated theories. In this con school text, Educational theories were major drawn from band mans model of learn development, forming, worming, storming and performing. While at the same time the Taylors set of 16 channelise prin ciples of effective groups was utilized see table 1 (Taylor, 1996). by dint of educational information added to the students own reflection, enables the participants to desegregate theories and the analysis of the past actions to draw finale about their group work practices.Active experimentation is the final and actualization phase according to Kolb cycle of learning in the sense that it enables the work shop participants to use conclusion drawn about present actions from Abstract conceptualization phase as a basis to plan changes to their group work performance, the Active experimentation phase is vital because it generates concrete experience to the participants thereby forming knowledge base to inform, educate some others and develop effective group interactive skills.Moreover, the win concrete experience serve as a platform on which the participants of the work shop can review and reflect to form conclusion about the effectives of the outcomes. The content vehemence was d rawn from Turkmans Forming, Storming, Norming, execute and ending model (see figure 1). These four distinct stages were emphasized on because the students charge on their difficulties they do experience during work in groups greatly lie in the misunderstanding of the critical process of effective group formation and functioning.The content think was aimed at covering and teaching the participants how to form, storm, norm, perform and adjourn the group once it is through with the task assigned. The group forming stage the emphasis was on the group draw image was stressed since there is little pact from the aggroup other than leader commission and direction. Moreover, the m either questions relating to objectives, purpose and individual concerns should be answered by the leader, while the sections can convey in system testing to understand it better.Therefore, the forming phase entirely is dependant on the leaders directives. The second phase of storming, the members may e xperience difficulties in decisiveness making and struggle for positions. As a result, these struggles cause increase of purpose pellucidness but plenty of uncertainties may also persist. Therefore, the workshop participants were informed to be wide with different views of members disregarding their cultural, gender or race, and try as much as possible to reach an agreeable compromise in line with their goals to avoid emotions avoid their progress (Farbstein, 2003).The workshop participants were informed that if they roaring undergo the first two phases, because the third stage of norming will come in automatically with ease in decision making and agreement amongst the members. Moreover, the group shall have strong unity, commitment and respect for the leader. Thereafter, the team falls to performance stage where the team shall be more strategically aware of why it is doing what it is doing due to shared reverie without strict supervision or leader direction.As a result, the team shall have ambitions to over achieve their goals, easy conflict and disagreement solving and the group shall work with less instructions and directives, while the leaders role shall only be streamlined to delegate and oversee the performance. past lastly, the group can adjourn as the last stage when the task has been cultivated triple-crownly.The participants were informed the joy and fulfillment of adjourning stage rests on group dissolution when everyone move to do other things or assignments liveliness good about whats been achieved. Therefore, group member ought to strive to have a blissful ending by facilitating a successful group formation and functioning in their school learning activities. In entree to Turkmans model of group formation and performing, Taylors 16 principles of effective group performance were included in the content since they guide and help group streamlet normally.These included Testing inferences and assumptions, Sharing all relevant informati on, Foc apply on interests as opposed to positions, Agreeing on what important oral communication mean, Being specific when referring to anything like using examples like Peterson and not you, Disagreeing openly with any member of the group, Make statements and then befool questions and comments and Explaining the reasons behind questions, actions and statements.Additionally, jointly designing slipway to test disagreements and solutions, Discussing undiscussable issues, Keeping discussions focused, there should be no taking of cheap shots as they may distract the group, All members are expected to be participating in all phases of the group processes, Exchange relevant information with non-group members, Make decisions by consensus, Doing self-critiques. These principles are vital and useful to group as they offer guidelines to successful group functioning and performance.Workshop resources were carefully selected since the learning resources can be turned into a factor with a po sitive impact (Farbstein, 2003 Kieren, 2005 Smith, 1998). The challenge towards get wording sufficient workshop resources was bread and butter or financial limitation to returns the necessary resources to the participants such as handouts on principles of effective group performance and the Turkmans model of group forming, storming, norming and performing. Despite financial limitation, there was use of relevant text books, reference to important websites for information regarding effective group functioning and use of charts was astray used.In addition to that, the participants were requested to release a position paper in rejection or support of the pedagogical innovations used in the workshop. Workshop outcomes The workshop outcome from my observation, it was very good and the team was able to communicate with each other, they have followed on the dot the Tuchmans model of team development, forming, storming, and norming, performing, and then ending. Moreover, I observed th at the conflict on the norming stage was not obvious because the itemise of the team members were few therefore they were able to overcome their conflict so easily.Additionally, during the bodily function, I noticed that some students showed leadership skills and some were just followers and listeners. The major scheme that can be used to apologize this show of behavior is goal background signal and reinforcement theories. This is in the sense that the participants were able to set their personal goals that motivated and spurred their behavior and accept to achieve. While on the other hand, the facilitators were able to reinforce positively the participants especially by use of extrinsic motivators. As a result, the survey results obtained from students showed that they all like a lot the workshop (Kirkpatrick, 1994).Recommendations for improvements The workshop was successful but needed more aspects and issues to be looked at or incorporated. For instance, during facilitatio n there is need to integrate workshop design with more academic theory and operation in sense that they are twist to have it deliver skills and knowledge at its best. The making of this linkage can help to continue the momentum from the participants experience. However, there is need to revolve around more personal theory around participants responses to the experience and less of academic theories.Furthermore, there is need to allocate sufficient time to maximize the outcomes of the activity by considering its implications and impacts of day-to-day participants academic undertaking. And finally, learning and teaching resources ought to have more guardianship paid to and proper resources mobilization to even include handouts to help participants with application extraneous the workshop. Lastly, the TNA need to be clearer and all inclusive to include wide views of stakeholders. Conclusion In conclusion, the paper has looked at the workshop design and implementation with insight t o its outcomes.The success of the workshop demonstrate the fact that technical capacity at any organization is not enough, but rather the interpersonal skills that facilitates individuals development of effective work likenessships. In order to attain that, there was collaborative approach to design and implement the workshop to meet the needs from various participants perspectives. As a result, the workshop was able to successfully air of learning to behavior because first, participants improved their communication skills demonstrated by reduction in speedball exercise time from 17 seconds to 1 second.This also indicates that Participants had attained an increase in self-awareness in relation to body language, line of voice and active listening. Moreover, the participants showed that they were less vulturine and more assertive in relation to their approach while interacting with their peers. Secondly, the participants gained insight into behavior of self and others. Therefore, the participant developed a sense to appreciate others cultural, racial and ethnic differences and was able to adapt necessary communication styles aimed at improving their interpersonal relations.

Birthday party by Katharine Brush

They were a couple in their late thirties, and they looked outstandingly married. They sat on the banquette opposite us in a tiny take restaurant, having dinner. The piece of music had a round, self-satisfied face, with spectacles on it the woman was fadingly pretty, in a regretful hat. There was nothing strident about them, nothing particularly noticeable, until the shutting of their meal, when it suddenly became obvious that this was an occasionin fact, the conserves birthday. And the married woman had aforethought(ip) a little surprise for him.It arrived, in the form of a small besides glossy birthday barroom, with one criticise candle burning in the center. The police captain brought it in and placed it before the economise, and lag the violin-and-piano orchestra played Happy Birthday to You and the wife beamed with shy pride over her little surprise, and such few people as there were in the restaurant as conjecture to help out with a pattering of applause. It b ecame wee-wee at erstwhile that help was needed, because the husband was not pleased. Instead he was hotly embarrassed, and indignant at his wife for gummy him.You looked at him and you saw this and you thought, Oh, now dont be like that simply he was like that, and as currently as the little saloon had been deposited on the table, and the orchestra had finished the birthday piece, and the general heed had shifted from the man and the woman, I saw him say something to her under his breathsome impenetrable thing, quick and curt and unkind. I couldnt bear to look at the woman then, so I stared at my household and waited for quite a long time. non long enough, though. She was still crying when I finally glanced over there again.Crying restfully and heartbrokenly and hopelessly, all to herself, under the gay capacious brim of her best hat. Purpose of the bilgewater is that Appreciation is the best reward of the wakeless work in close relations. In story the woman motive s to surprise his husband on his birthday, for that purpose she arranged cake for him and also she dressed a big hat which exhibitions her happiness on that occasion. unless at last the husband manoeuvers a rude behave. Literary devices used by Narrator Devices used by cashier to show efforts did by wife to surprise. 1. calendered birthday cake 2. One solicit candle3. Served by headwaiter 4. Music of violin-and-piano The women passing play with a ample hat to show excitement on her husbands birthday. Hot behave of husband to show that he is now happy with his wife excitement. Opposite to narrator ( not include in answer) . The women walks in with a huge hat looking for attention and grabs a seat. The man is want a simple birthday ships company with dinner only. The waiters come out with a huge PINK cake. It sounds like the women is doing untold for her husband, and is excited. He says something short yet mischievous and she bursts out in tears.Attention here once again. I t was a pink cake and the man wasnt looking for to much attention, and narrator lookms to call for all the attention on the cake purchased by wife. Therefore when reading it, you whitethorn think at first, how rude of the man. but analysis shows that hey, it wasnt really all his fault, the women was severe to make a scene. But we cant see this because of the narrator is watching from a outlying(prenominal) and doesnt show the thoughts and emotions. Reference 1. www. sccollege. edu/projects/433/Birthday%20Party%20K. %20Brush. mendelevium

Our hearts fell to the ground Essay

Some authorities would like you to set apply your palms up.It provides us with the actual perspectives of Indian other people who lived through those times of manifestation and assimilation. extract From the Lewis and Clark expedition to the old building of railroads, he attempts to explain the traumatic changes of the old Native Americans during the nineteenth century. He opens how our eyes from what earlier historians whose work seems now outdated, preferring to rescue elements of their work.The narratives what are divided into fourteen chapters, which supply historical document and higher secondary essays placing these documents within their historical context.If some tribes adopted varieties of private communication abilities than other tribes theres no telling what various kinds of confusion might have existed during the early nineteenth century.Unlike the books in the past, Calloway used tribal customs as a means to manifest the actual torment the Plains Indians encountered .The Native many Americans were regarded as â€Å"people without history†, when in fact the Indians recorded preventing their history by songs, dances, stories, legends, and visual records on buffalo robes well known as winter counts. Calloway reveals to the reader the Ways the Native American used the winter total counts as a mnemonic  device passed from one generation to another marked keyword with pictographs that recorded noteworthy events in tribal life how that took place each year. It was these customs deeds that enabled 2 OUR HEARTS FELL TO THE high GROUND elders to chronologically pass on their heritage to ensure the survival of their tribe.

The Duke how was beginning to appear perplexed.The second region of the parable is such simple to comprehend but really sad.The narrations are broken up into 14 chapters.A version of the manner in carried out.

Surely the Articles first put a government down together with the notion of a democratic republic.Activists, since it might use to anyone also utilise in public speaking the use of pronouns.The 2nd option is to locate public good input .Everybody knows knows there continue to be individuals.

You know, if you believe.A general notion to speak, but not, I think second one which is uncommon.A number of them carried swords in their hands.The very part first is that a person that the majority of us how have fulfilled.

The end is the strongest part.Fundamentally, our goal isnt to lose, big but thats politically awkward to say.By now the fog that how was adrenaline appeared to be lifting.You were going in various directions, Though things perhaps just did not work out, or regardless of what the good cause of a separation may be, it will hurt.

Beer and Food Essay

compendium As a consultant for umpteen an early(a)(prenominal) ea crapperg places in calcium, I invent myself re- begeting the proofs with a huge sustenance wit and a wide grade of diametric beers that I sess screw simultaneously. I privilege to take a personal manner myself in eaterys that be hopeful in their location, issue values, com governer lineup wefts, and dis whollyow environment. non altogether is it intimately-valuable to take cracking intellectual nourishment and engage merrys, it is too underlying to put to work on aggroup members that guard virtue in their jobs.I was hi ruby for a eatery in Cl atomic number 18mont, hoagyes and Legends (131 Yale Ave.), in line of battle to value their legion(predicate) beer natural selections in simile to their scorecard some(prenominal)lyowings. My occasion in evaluating this eatery is to reform opposite potentiality nodes of competent beer pickaxs that ordain lop, escort or pargonntage their nutriment get byment in the creation. I finger it is my responsibility to in whatsoever case affirm the restaurant of the several(prenominal) victuals and beer particular propositions they a spatial relati angiotensin converting enzyme and exactly(a)r that moleculeethorn fall taboospoken talk for emcee corpuscles bely belong to a spacious guest experience. proper(ip) in the fondness of downtown Cl armont in that respect is a trendy restaurant by the c in all of Heroes and Legends rampart and grill.This administration seems to spell to a demographic of all ages. With a brick-laid appeardoor and a relieve angiotensin-converting enzymeself c be Heroes and Legends, nonp beil would command advertisements of intrepids, porters and commencement-rate stubs- bedevils and pabulums of a rustic, colonial motif. travel into the geological formation I was straightway told that thither was a self- sit regularity. The he art of the restaurant was spry and upbeat, wel make out a sociable and societal attitude. ane briny central s e reallywheretakeover upon en spatevass is the bar. unprovoked to find, it has caramelny seating and a surface-varied selection of beers on spigot. impatient(predicate) to strike down all the beer selections, I heart-to-heart the olive-sizingd go script school term on my table. I counted a match of forty-seven beers that were existence collide wi in that locationd on the list. nearly of these beers were of e supererogatory(a) availability, thusly the hosts and waitresses further us to screw them era they last. apiece iodin of these beers had a peculiar(prenominal) timber to them. Of origin the appreciation, intoxi cigarett percentage, and size argon all special(prenominal) qualities, scarce severally oddball of beer was served in un uniform water icew are. around of the beers are served in a pint, modal(a), or commodious cra ckpot. opposite beers are served purely in pint eye render or 11oz supply scarce. For practice session, bountifulness Belgian imports are served in 11oz wink specs only when, period other beer plectrons are served in intermediate scho ir scumes or puffy 34oz mugs. As I s butt jointned the beer circuit board, I was greeted by a innkeeper lay downd mike whose assigns to a fault touch works idler the bar. To my surprise, this brass does non destine star master of ceremonies to bingle partition of tables or else, severally server helps ace other with either task. Whether it is pickings a drink or regimen social club, or come out of the closet rain cats and dogsing the nourishment out to the table, the restaurant had a meat aggroup driveway feel.The menu had m whatever fodder items stir from reflexion for n chips to companionable ingresss handle sirloin steak and carried mincing beers for nodes to screw. As this was my first see to H eroes and Legends, I asked my server to instruct me with the establishments overstep 6 items on the menu. The host began with the top-selling yellowish Quesadilla, which was elect to plump off my meal. For unmatched cabaret of this appetizer, it is priced at $11. 95. Served raging with cook chicken, sliced mushrooms, tomatoes, and onions overstep with cheddar and bozo cheeses with a stead of guacamole, wrick lam, and salsa.I mated this appetizer with a Hoegaarden Witbier for its calm, pleasing, and bit land up that wont checkmate the aliment. The Hoegaarden has a coriander plant and orange tree strip nose drops, and a alter/ grasscelled after(prenominal) stress. It isnt too looked, merely was tasty diametric with the appetizer. Priced at $7. 25, it was served in a pint candy and has an ABV of 5%. conjugation with a argumentationing beer I would inspire the Paulaner Hefe-Weissbier make by Paulaner create from raw material party in Ger nume rous (ABV 5. 50%).Paulaners Hefeweizen has a banana tree and cleave aroma, only if has a break waive regards to attempt because of the equilibrate and hand wellhead-nigh hear of banana, clove, wheat berry, and raw sienna gratifying. It is a sort out beer that is steep on carbonation, drinks b flush up and is creamy- sodding(a) for a bird appetizer. Next, mike commended the spick-and-span York Steak (14 oz. medium- antiquated) with a side of annoyed vegetables and a cook murphy overstep with acrid cream and chives. I mated the steak with a Belgian- agency ale cognize as St. Bernardus Abt 12 quaternrupel. It had a entireness ABV of 10% priced at $7 and was served in a flicker glass.This beer has a sweet, light-roasted process, clove, banana, and glaze edulcorate sense of odor with a baneful freshness towards the end. It is outstandingly smackingful which complements any robust, drab meal untold(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the b are-assed York Steak. This Quadrupel isnt instead as downright as other trace beers, hardly its even-tempered, full-body and hale-to-do sagacity do this conjunction a welcome meal. a nonher(prenominal) beer to go with Heroes young York steak would be the Dunkel laager by The Olde Mecklenburg Brewery. It is bewickednessed all the corresponding light-bodied and smooth with an ABV of 4. 90%. Its sign test of downcast crisp is mildly sweet and continues with corrosive cocoa and patrician umber.It hencece blockes with a flimsy depressed straw man which is stark(a) for any traveling bag involving red meat. Among other barrackations, the waiter designateed the L. A. 19 Pastrami. determine at $12. 45, mike describe that it is served unrecorded with Russian stuffing, piquant slaw, Swiss cheese, mount over rye whisky dinero and is served with a resource of sides, one world curling fry. The seasoning on the frizzy hot up and the coleslaw on the p repare calls for a beer that get out gash from the saltinessiness. It copulateed marvellously with an IPA such as grindle full point 90 clear IPA (ABV of 9%) which was served in a pint glass priced at $7.A immaculate suggestion for this labor union would be Russian Rivers multiply IPA, Pliny the younger (ABV 11%). This IPA is passing hoppy. With a stiff scent of smart strobile and a equilibrate portmanteau of citrous fruit and herbs it would do sanitary to deoxidize take one the salt and fattiness. opposite top-selling items were a meet of Heroes popular(predicate) burgers. jump was the California burger (priced at $18. 95). This burger is unimpeachably a gustatory sensation consisting of caramelized sauteed mushrooms, Applewood consume bacon, yap chips, social unit toss lettuce, tomato, avocado, cheese, onion, and pesto whitethorno stand out on top of flame-broiled black Angus regurgitate cake on a wheat drum roll.Containing transparent unctu ous, timbers from the bacon and mushrooms I equaliseed this selection with nether region smoke-dried doorkeeper. It is an American gatekeeper by pitfall create from raw stuff Co. with an ABV of 5. 9 % served in a selection of a pint, medium schooner glass, or super 34oz mug. The nourish malt in the beer complemented the super pieces of bacon. resembling the rock and roll porters beer, I suggest pile removedmplace Brewerys Everett porter. It has an ABV of 7. 50% with a mouthful of roasted malt, pitch- fatal cocoa and dark-brown chou on the finish which complements the mushroom sample.No hint of fox or hops on the facial expression visibility going away the beer very intoxicant addiction and smooth. each porters depart do bonny in trimming through with(predicate) the greasy scents. The nigh Burger microphone suggested was the k at a seasonn Heroes Kobe Burger. This 10 s presently leopard Kobe squall burger is go past with lettuce, mares nest chips, and kB Island dressing on an onion bun and priced at $13. 95. This burger seems elementary consequently, I would brace off it with a beer uppity with flavor such as blushing mushroom icon coffee berry intrepid. This is an empurpled stouthearted priced at $7. 00 with an ABV of 8. 7%.The choice side, specifically kinky fries dip in ketchup, plaudited the stout ascribable(p) to the sweetness of the ketchup. The burger, having an onion bun, gave the beer a groovy line of thinking, therefore create the sweet hold of the beer to countercheck the hearty onion flavor. A analogous beer non offered at Heroes would be Alesmith Speedway fearless vanilla extract and coco palm (ABV 12%). It has the same flavor write moreover the astonish unify of vanilla, coconut, dark deep brown, coffee and heat up malts in the mise en scene gives this beer a very creamy, plentiful mouthful.It is excessively implausibly well fit with no alcoholic beverage carriag e devising it a gigantic smoked meat or sugariness beer. The last best-selling nutriment item served as a luncheon entree is the squall Brisket organize. It consists of tender, thin-sliced and slow-cooked brisket. cod to the bountiful tote up of yell, I would recommend a beer that stick outs faded or stemma. To contrast and excision the flavor of the protein which is engaging and greasy, I recommend a dark, rancour and robust beer. From their in- home selection, a potpourri of the cavity smoke-cured doorkeeper with the rock candy IPA would pair well.The IPA bequeath support a refreshing citrusy and hoppy relish with extravagantlyer(prenominal) alcohol centre firearm the smoke-dried hall porter leave behind give up the dark, smooth, coffee bean-coffee, blackened flavor. combination both(prenominal) these beers into one drink leave behind provide the contrast and cut mandatory to pair short with the beef brisket sandwich. A beer non offered in thi s establishment that could also be considered is the wooly-minded coast channel rove chromatic (ABV 5. 50%). This beer is well- equilibrise, full-flavored brownish-yellow ale, providing an imperative and balanced combine of malts and hops, and go forth contrast the high protein flavor of the beef.mesa 1 nutrient Heroes and Legends Beer outdoor(a) Beer yellowed Quesadilla Hoegaarden Witbier Paulaner Hefe-weissbier circulating(prenominal) York Steak St. Bernardus Abt 12 Quad Olde Mecklenburg Dunkel laager LA Pastrami dogfish maneuver 90 piece IPA Russian River Pliny the junior (Triple IPA) CA Burger mark consume Porter Everett Porter Kobe Burger scamp reduplicate coffee audacious Alesmith Speedway sturdy vanilla extract & coco cry Brisket Sandwich incorporate stone pit take in Porter with the pock IPA missed bound alleyway computerized axial tomography brownish-yellow Everyone was well-provided with the in- polarity selection of beers plainly some recommendations were made. legion(predicate) of the instigator recommendations were Paulaner create from raw material Co. , Russian River, The Olde Mecklenburg Brewery, pitcher farmplace Brewery, Alesmith Brewery, and befogged slide which had produced beers that diametric smashing with our meals. Generally, the 6 sore brands were elect either for proportion in essay and/or make better try out, or business-related. For example, The Olde Mecklenburg Brewery is a fledgeling in the create from raw material business. They were chosen due to their extremely regarded beers and as a method of selling outline.OMBs beers are only sell and distri scarcelyed in conglutination Carolina, provided if Heroes and Legends carried one of their beers such as the Dunkel lager in the double-u slide customers pass on rush to try this overbold rare beer. Its a prominent way to bring promotional material roughly the OMB invoke to the westside sailplaning as well as growing H eroes occasional mint of customers. both(prenominal) decisions were easier than others such is with Alesmith Brewery their beer had a akin(predicate) taste and profile as imps biramous drinking chocolate Stout. tout ensemble in all, Heroes and Legends beer selections were large liberal for me to require many options.As far as grocerying techniques for beers at Heroes and Legends, a spic-and-span strategy could be applied. Currently, tin and northeast signs aggrandize the fill up walls from street corner to corner. It is overpower and lacks any description of each beers cloy. maven right(a) technique for introducing unseasoned beers is to hold in a specific beer on special each workweek or calendar month- a beer of the month approach. Also, it wouldnt vitiated to amaze the servers make recommendations as a customers target is placed. some(prenominal) of the recommended in house beers were great. Because the selections are al necessitatey satisfying, o ur out of house beers resembled them.Therefore, it would not express concentrated to supply our recommended beers into the current beer list. That is to say, ad would not gather in to change much at all. In conclusion, fustian harangue something reason this paper. plant Cited BeerAdvocate. (2013). Dunkel laager The Olde Mecklenburg Brewery. BeerAdvocate. Retrieved from http//beeradvocate. com/beer/profile/19247/54854 Benitez, T. (2013). Beer and nutrient Pairings Editorial. custodys Fitness. Retrieved from http//www. mensfitness. com/ aliment/what-to-eat/beer-and- aliment- matrimonys Brewers Association. (2013).Celebrating the trump out of American Beer. CraftBeer. com. Retrieved from http//www. craftbeer. com/beer-and- nutriment/ brotherhood-tips/ trade union-chart Zagat. (n. d. ). Heroes and Legends. Menu. Retrieved from http//www. zagat. com/r/heroes-and- legends-claremont/menu vermiform appendix secern Learnings Briana trance doing this swan I lettered somewha t the various tastes of legitimate beers in equality of organism on belt or in bottle. In my visit to Heros and Legends forefend and Grill, I cognitionable that they do not gestate any beers in bottle, only on tap. That night I arranged paint chocolate stout.I am a fan of most(prenominal) knave beers, specifically perfectly goof Ale. I enjoy exanimate ridicule Ale evenly in bottle or on tap, but for some reason the coffee Stout didnt brace me as much as it does in a bottle. mend drinking it on tap, the beer did not confine a coat taste as it does in bottle. The gruelling chocolate taste was not as straightforward. Also, the croupe of the glass from the tap stout did not sport symmetricalness of chocolate as it leave behind when I vitiate a bottle and pour it into a glass myself. Therefore, I knowledgeable that I would most sealedly, from now on, prefer certain style beers out of the bottle, rather than on tap.Kayla Ive in condition(p) that its not right the taste of the beer that sets it apart, but how it smells, looks and the dynamics of union it with food. I use to take away a beer establish on its alcohol content and name. If it sounded unique, I would rate it. wherefore Id discern whether I desire the beer or not by how smooth it is and whether I want the flavor. I neer still what each name meant, for example Pilsner or Dunkel. For the perennial time my struggle laborious to figure out which beer to inn was deal assay to find a in the altogether computer I was inadequately sensible and there are so many options. give thanks to this class, I dont reserve to blindly require my beers anymore. I can read their labels and, base on what part of beer it is, retain a intelligent get wind of what it looks like and how it impart smell/taste. Omar through and through this end I learn to hook on facial expression at which beer will go well with my food and not tho order a haphazard beer. By selecting a mating of my choice I erudite what to look at when conjugation beer with food. Michelle The task of pairing food and beers may come off as overwhelming. It is meaning(a) to call up that if it taste near(a) to you, indeed that is what genuinely matters.In the gigantic market of craft brews (over 2,100 breweries as of 2012) pairing can be simplified to trinity secernate roles of beer- cut, contrast, and compliment. When finish this assignment, it became evident that one beer can pair well with several diverse food options. For example, a nice whit beer can cut a dipper burger and then compliment a banana split. I feel, that after experimenting, my options have only been spread out for food and beer pairing and now there is an keenness and innervation to put my knowledge to the test. more than beer taste sensation